June 2020 - Close Up Foundation

On Monday, May 25, a Minneapolis police officer named Derek Chauvin killed George Floyd by kneeling on his neck for over eight minutes.¹ The next day, video of the killing went viral; by the end of the day, large groups had begun protesting in Minneapolis. In the week since, protests have spread to many major cities across the country, and some protests have had destructive consequences.² It is not always clear who starts the violence and vandalism,³ and there is evidence to suggest that responses from the police are making the violence worse.⁴ In many ways, the scenes mirror the origins of the Black Lives Matter movement in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014—another time when police efforts to respond to protests were met with, or perhaps sparked, violence.⁵

This week, we are offering three blog posts that grapple with the fundamental questions and challenges posed by recent events. On Tuesday, we shared resources and ideas for discussing race and racism with students. Today’s post will explore the protests and the government response to them.

Over the weekend, what began as nonviolent demonstrations in many cities around the United States became sites of property destruction, fires, and escalating responses from police.⁶ In editorials and commentary in newspapers, on television, and on social media, people are discussing serious questions about the protests. To help your students explore a few of them, we share some questions and resources below.

Protests, Social Movements, and Violence

Protest and social change have rarely been as smooth as history textbooks and movies make them seem. In our present context, some argue that the violence near the protests undercuts the power of their message. Others, however, point to a quote from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who said, “I think America must see that riots do not develop out of thin air. Certain conditions continue to exist in our society which must be condemned as vigorously as we condemn riots. But in the final analysis, a riot is the language of the unheard.”

Additionally, those who argue that the destruction of property can be justified frequently point to the violent roots of the United States itself, including the Boston Tea Party, and circulate memes like this one.

While the level of violence in the current protests seems to be decreasing,⁷ it is still important to consider the role of violence in social movements. Here, we share some resources that might help you have those discussions.

Fareed Zakaria interviews Nikole Hannah-Jones, creator of the 1619 Project. Jones offers an explanation of the violence and offers historical context.
In his New York Times column, Ross Douthat argues that violent protests do not work.
Dylan Scott argues on Vox.com that it is wrong to focus too much on the violent protests, and that people are missing the main story.
This episode of The Daily podcast from the New York Times offers in-depth reporting on the protests over the weekend.
In an interview with WBUR, Dr. Marc Lamont Hill argues that protests should be framed as “acts of rebellion,” not riots.

Police and Governments Respond to the Unrest

A second major question facing citizens is how local, state, and national government should respond during this time of protest. President Donald Trump has called for a strong police, and even military, response.⁸ This has led many Americans to debate the best path forward in responding to the violence that surrounds the protests. Here are some resources that may help you explore government responses to protests with your students:

Radley Balko explores this question in an article published shortly after the protests in Ferguson in 2014.
FiveThirtyEight and the The Marshall Project argue that de-escalation by police does more to keep protesters and police safe.
President Trump explains the role that he sees for government during the protests.
The June 4 episode of The Daily podcast from the New York Times looks closely at the protests and police actions at the White House.
This opinion article in The Guardian argues that police are more responsible for the violence than the protesters because of their tactics.
In this op-ed published in the New York Times, Senator Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) calls for using troops to quell the protests.
Retired General James Mattis, President Trump’s former secretary of defense, argues in a letter circulated to the media that using the military is not appropriate or constitutional.

We hope that these resources help you examine these complex, challenging, and vital issues with your students. If you have other resources to share with teachers and students, please submit them in the comments below.

Sources

Featured Image Credit: Evan Garcia/WTTW News

[1] New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/article/george-floyd-protests-timeline.html

[2] CNN: https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/george-floyd-protests-06-01-20/index.html

[3] New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-protests-white-supremacists-antifa.html

[4] The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/01/george-floyd-violent-rioters-america-police-officers

[5] Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-cops-made-things-worse-in-ferguson-2014-8

[6] Vox: https://www.vox.com/2020/5/30/21275574/george-floyd-protests-minneapolis-detroit

[7] New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/06/02/us/02reuters-minneapolis-police-protests-pentagon.html?searchResultPosition=10

[8] Politico: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/01/trump-slams-governors-as-weak-crackdown-on-protests-294023

Over the past week, we have witnessed an outpouring of grief and rage that reminds us—again—that democracy is always in the making and that we have a responsibility both to reflect and to act. As civic educators, we naturally turn our attention to what we can do, and what we can teach, that might further advance dialogues about freedom, equality, and justice. We hope that through our resources and the resources of others, and through discussions with teachers, we can help you have rich, meaningful dialogue with students about these complex issues.

To that end, this week we will offer three blog posts to help you grapple with the fundamental questions and challenges posed by recent events. The first, this post, provides resources and ideas for discussing race and racism with students. Wednesday’s post will explore the protests and the government responses to those protests.

Hopefully, the resources we share here help you and your students, but we also want to hear from you. What resources, lessons, questions, and ideas do you turn to when trying to help students better understand the important issues raised by the protesting?

Resources

To discuss race and racism:

The National Museum of African American History and Culture has created a resource called Talking About Race. The conversation guides and reflection questions help individuals think about and discuss race.
Teaching Tolerance offers Strategies for Reducing Racial and Ethnic Prejudice. These strategies help teachers think about the goals of discussions about race and prejudice, as well as reflect on their own positions and experiences.
Black Lives Matter at School has created and curated a wide range of resources to help teachers and students investigate issues relating to race and racism in America today.
In a short article published in ASCD, Dena Simmons explains How to be an Anti-Racist Educator.

To discuss race and racism in U.S. history:

Teen Vogue’s OG History series is intended to “unearth history not told through a white” lens.
- The Red Summer of 1919, Explained
- Black Wall Street and the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921, Explained
Facing History and Ourselves has created many resources for discussing race and racism in the present day and in history. A very useful resource for this moment is Violence and Backlash during the Reconstruction Era.
The Zinn Education Project aims to bring ideas from Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States into classrooms. It offers many resources that explore race, prejudice, and social protest in U.S. history. A few resources that might be useful right now are:
- Burning Tulsa: The Legacy of Black Dispossession
- COINTELPRO: Teaching the FBI’s War on the Black Freedom Movement
- How Red Lines Built White Wealth: A Lesson on Housing Segregation in the 20th Century
The University of Minnesota’s Mapping Prejudice project offers resources to help you visualize the histories of race and privilege in urban spaces.